C is pretty small, you don't need to limit yourself to an outdated version. I don't think it changed that much.
Java 7 was the last straightforward version, in Java 8 it got lambdas and all kind of magic like default methods in interfaces.
I can't give advice on Python other than to make sure you avoid Python 2 and focus on Python 3. But it is a mess and every new version introduces some new gimmick that makes things worse. Of course it doesn't even have a standardized version, whatever CPython implements is Python.
I agree with >>2 on C being compact enough that limiting is counterproductive. The C standard is VERY conservative about adding features. It's nothing like the feature creep C++ exhibits. I haven't looked into the latest additions but at least C99 adds a handful (not because only a few parts are useful but because there aren't to many additions to begin with) of features which are seriously useful. I have quite a bit of trust into the standards committee to keep it's reputation of not adding a ton of fluff.